What is the function of enzymes in biological reactions?

Enzymes play a critical role in biological reactions primarily by acting as catalysts, which significantly speed up the rate of these reactions without being consumed in the process. They lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions to occur, allowing reactions to proceed more efficiently and at a faster pace. This acceleration is crucial because many biochemical processes would occur too slowly to sustain life if not for the presence of enzymes.

In addition to their catalytic function, enzymes are highly specific for their substrates, meaning they fit certain reactant molecules (substrates) much like a lock and key, which further optimizes reaction rates. However, their primary purpose remains their ability to enhance the speed of biochemical reactions.